A scientific report about air pollution due to automotive emissions Lab

A logical about air contamination because of car outflows - Lab Report Example All things considered, the expanded levels, even in converters that are 10 years of age, are still lower than the discharges of motors that don't have converters. The world’s populace multiplied from 3 billion out of 1959 to 6 billion out of 1999 (International Data Base, 2008). This quick ascent has prompted expanded interest and utilization of present day transportation, greater part of which, run on the non-renewable energy sources oil and diesel. The consuming of petroleum derivatives to control automotives brings about creation of intensifies that don't consume totally to their basic structures. These items are carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxides. Carbon monoxide is harmful even in modest quantities. Carbon dioxide is the significant ozone harming substance, contributing to a great extent to a dangerous atmospheric devation. Nitrous oxides respond with water in the earth and are a significant supporter of corrosive downpour and the resulting issues related with corrosive downpour (Driscoll, 2001). Diminishing vehicular emanations can be accomplished by the utilization of an exhaust system, which initially came to fruition in 1975 (Environmental Protection Agency, 1994). This basic gadget is utilized to decrease destructive discharges to less hurtful structures and sums. As the name suggests, the exhaust system acts by interceding the transformation of nitrous oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons to nitrogen gas, oxygen and carbon dioxide. The converter has both decrease and oxidation impetuses comprising of an artistic structure covered with the metal impetuses (platinum, rhodium as well as palladium, and as of late, gold). Gold, beside being less expensive, builds oxidation by up to 40 percent (Kanellos, 2007). Fumes originating from the motor goes through the converter and is discharged after the gases have been changed to less hurtful mixes. The destinations of this examination were to look at the outflow levels of car that are controlled by diesel and petroleum without exhaust systems, and to test the impact of converter age and speed of the vehicle

Relationship between price earning ratio and stock returns

Connection between cost procuring proportion and stock returns There have been an enormous number of writings during the previous years on value profit and stock return. The current literary works propose various hypotheses to how the cost gaining proportion may influence the presentation of an organization and furthermore the variables that may impact it. Value Earning Ratio There are a few measures to decide the valuation of a security. Regularly, the measures are controlled by contrasting the securitys cost with various essentials, for example, income and profits. One of the most regarded stock valuation measures is the Price Earning proportion, which contrast the cost of the security with the companys profit. Graham (1933) was the first to present the idea of the cost procuring proportion as a proportion of execution of the securities exchange and the utilization of the P/E proportion depended on the possibility that gaining are identified with esteem. Basu (1977) recognized P/E proportion as indicator of ensuing execution and specifically high P/E firms failed to meet expectations and low P/E firms beat. The examination done by Basu (1977) likewise express that P/E proportion, because of misrepresented financial specialist desires, might be pointers of future speculation execution and he additionally approved Nicholsons results which express that low organizations having low P/E proportions on normal along these lines yield more significant yields than high P/E organizations. Gonedes and Dopuch (1974) pronounced that value models are theoretically second rate compared to return models under the nearness of immature speculations of valuation. Also Christie (1987) contends that value models present more econometric issues than bring models back. On the opposite there is a larger part of studies that pronounce the predominance of the value model on clarifying the arrival income connection, for example, Bowen (1981), Olsen (1985), Landsman (1986), Barth et.al (1990, 1992) Barth (1991). Nonetheless, the P/E proportion as it is usually utilized is the consequence of system of impacts, like the manner by which a companys share cost is affected not just by peculiar elements specific to that organization, yet in addition by development in costs on business sectors overall, and the part wherein the organization works. Four principle effects on a companys P/E proportion have been recognized: The year the normal market P/E differs step by step, as the general degree of speculator certainty changes The division where the organization works. The size of the organization there is a nearby positive connection between a companys advertise capitalisation and the P/E concurred. Quirky impacts. Organizations inspected around the same time, working in a similar part and of comparative size in any case have distinctive P/Es. Quirky impacts, that don't influence some other organization represent this. Stock returns The CAPM created by Sharpe (1964), Lintner (1965) and Mossin (1966) has been the most generally acknowledged among the numerous models created to clarify the connection between anticipated returns and hazard. As indicated by the CAPM, the market can just repays the financial specialists for bearing orderly hazard or basic hazard, which is estimated by the advantages beta. The beta estimates the commitment of the unsafe advantage for the peril of the whole proficient portfolio. The connection between the normal return and hazard can be communicated in CAPM model: E(Ri) = Rf + ÃŽÂ ²i(E(Rm)- Rf) Where E(Ri) = the normal profit for the ith unsafe resource Rf = the normal profit for a hazard free resource E(Rm) = the normal profit for the market portfolio Þâ ²i = beta coefficient of the ith hazardous resource The foundation of the CAPM depend on the accompanying suspicions: Speculators are hazard disinclined. Accordingly speculators lean toward the most elevated anticipated return for a given standard deviation and the least standard deviation for a given anticipated return. The profits from speculation are typically appropriated. Accordingly two parameters, the normal return and the standard deviation, are adequate to portray the conveyance of profits. All speculators have a typical single-period time skyline for their venture dynamic. All financial specialists can get and loan boundless measure of cash at a given hazard free rate. All financial specialists have similar assessments of the normal profit for every advantage, the difference of return for every benefit, and furthermore the covariance between returns for each pair of benefits. All benefits are exchanged the ideal markets; that is, all advantages are attractive, there are no exchange costs or assessments, and all financial specialists are value takers. The CAPM is tested by the confirmations on peculiarities in stock returns. The CAPM says that every diversifiable hazard won't be redressed and the main significant hazard is the market chance. Consequently, other than the market factor, no different components ought to efficiently influence the stock returns. The firm explicit variables are catch by the blunder term, which is arbitrary. Yet, the discoveries of the irregularities, for example, size, book-to-advertise value and acquiring to-value proportion propose that financial specialists can procure anomalous profits based for these exchanging rules. This may infer that the CAPM is mis-determined. Numerous experimental investigations have been directed and it has been discovered that stock returns are influenced by certain components, for example, Book-to-Market Equity impact Rosenberg, Reid and Lanstein (1985) and Stattman (1980) found that there is a positive connection between stock returns and book-to-showcase value. By the methods for the time-arrangement relapse, the t-measurements acquired plainly show a positive outcome for their speculation. In investigation of Lakonishok, Scheifer and Vishny (1994), all the stock in the US advertise was isolated into ten deciles portfolios from 1968 to1989 dependent on the book-to-showcase value (BM) proportion. The outcomes show that the normal yearly returns for deciles with the most elevated BM was 10.5 percent higher than the least BM deciles. Size impact The size impact is among the most unmistakable marvels distinguished. Banz (1981) records that there is size impact in the US financial exchange, utilizing a trial from 1963 to 1975. The consequence of this investigation shows that little firms (estimated by showcase esteem) on the normal gain higher hazard balanced returns than large firms. Occasional impact Another proof of the presence of the abnormalities is the occasional impact. In certain time of the year, stock returns are seen as higher when contrasted with the lay on the schedule year. The most widely recognized case of the regular impact is the January impact where stocks over and over win more significant yields in the long stretch of January than the remainder of the months in the year. The regular impact is likewise found in nations including Japan, Australia and Canada archived by Officer (1975), Berges (1984) and Jaffe Westerfield (1985) individually. Numerous looks into show the connection between the cost procuring proportion and the stock return of an organization. Lakonishok, Scheifer and Vishny (1994) actualized P/E proportion as a normal future profit development pointer, in an inordinate cross-sectional investigation. They demonstrated that financial specialists will in general kindness stocks with remarkable past and current execution excitement stocks as they accept that past progress will proceed later on, that is, they property the additional profits from esteem offers to mental elements influencing market members. As indicated by Burgstahler and Dichev (1997), when the profit to book esteem proportion is high, income are an increasingly significant determinant of value worth and the other way around. In addition, Kormedi and Lipe (1987) and Collins and Kothari (1989) among other, recognized that the income perseverance is one of the significant determinant of the size of the profit bring connection back. Exact REVIEW A few papers inspected the capacity of cost and return models (alongside some elective structures) to suit the arrival income relationship. A significant proportion for the more generally safe, protective speculator was presented by Graham and Dodd in 1933. They presented the Earnings/Price proportion which is basically the Price/Earnings Ratio yet flipped around as a benchmark for value valuation. After the 1929 securities exchange crash, they suggest the financial specialists that somewhat by attempting to think about what the future bring, they should focus on different factors, for example, the companys past income or the estimation of its advantages. As indicated by Graham and Dodd, an organization with solid benefits and a moderately low stock cost was likely underestimated. Additionally the way that each offer is esteem various occasions its present income turned out to be regularly agreeable as a particular P/E level empowers money related financial specialists to make their purchase/sell choice. The creators indicated that P/E proportion, which is determined by current basics, never give an accurate evaluation to stocks. As an end, P/E proportion was first viewed as a harsh benchmark for particular stock venture and an apparatus for applying explicit monetary procedures so that in the long haul, above-advertise returns can be produced. One of the principal works demonstrating the impact of the Price Earnings proportion was finished by Nicholson (1960). The principal study depended on an example of 100 stocks which were essentially from mechanical issues of trust venture quality and the stock was taken from the period 1939-1959. The stocks were organized into gatherings of five as indicated by their P/E proportion in rising request and were rebalanced like clockwork. The creator discovered that the twenty most reduced different stocks had bigger value gains when contrasted with the twenty most elevated various stocks. Those with the most reduced P/E would convey 14.7 occasions its unique speculation after the 20-year time frame, though the portfolio with the most elevated P/E stocks just earned 4.7 occasions its underlying venture. After eight years, Nicholson (1968) directed another investigation where he took a gander at the profit of 189 organizations somewhere in the range of 1937 and 1962. By partitioning organ izations into gatherings of five, he discovered that the normal return for organizations with a P/E proportion beneath ten was 12.7% per annum as contrast with organizations with a P/E

Crusades in the 14th and 15th Century

Campaigns in the fourteenth and fifteenth Century Whatever degree did crusading stay necessary to the chivalric culture of the fourteenth and fifteenth hundreds of years? In the conventional view, the campaigns began in the eleventh century and finished in the most recent decade of the thirteenth. There is a lot of discussion, in any case, encompassing to what degree later crusading action can surely be considered crusading, and what job it played in chivalric culture of the fourteenth and fifteenth hundreds of years. The arrangement of chivalric culture was no uncertainty affected somewhat by crusading belief system. Gallantry is comprised of a scope of exercises, values and attitudes,[1] with crusading itself being seen as a valiant action and military requests framed during the campaigns before the fourteenth century seen by some to be early instances of chivalry.[2] The principal campaign brought forth new thoughts of the job of the warrior in Christian culture; safeguard of the confidence and recovery of the Holy Land was, as per the congregation, the most elevated errand to which a knight could devote himself and the 1099 triumph at Jerusalem set the standard for protection of sacred places as the most significant standard of chivalry.[3] Benedictine scholar and antiquarian, Guibert de Nogent, wrote in the twelfth century that God himself had begun a blessed war to permit knights to look for Gods effortlessness in their wonted propensity and in release of their own office, and need no longer seek salvation by disavowing the world in the calling of monk,[4] proposing that crusading raised knights to situate like clerics and underscoring the lofty and profoundly devout part of knighthood. Also, crusader artist Aymer de Pegulhan composes that crusading permits the accomplishment of respect throughout everyday life and euphoria in heaven without revoking our rich pieces of clothing, our station throughout everyday life, all that satisfies and charms.[5] This thought crusading brought qualification and acknowledgment was generally comprehended into the fourteenth century, and highlights as a typical topic in contemporary writings. Chaucers Knight, for instance, speaks to an exemplification of the loftiest chivalric standards and a romanticized desire of numerous fourteenth century English crusaders.[6] In looking at the degree to which crusading stayed necessary to the chivalric culture of the fourteenth and fifteenth hundreds of years, one should initially analyze what is implied by the term campaign. The name campaign was unprecedented before the 1700s and, contemporarily, there was no single acknowledged term; words that recommended travel (frequently joined with references to Jerusalem, the cross, or the Holy Land) were utilized, and early sources regularly named members as explorers or just Christians.[7] It is in this way justifiable that what establishes a campaign is vague and changes between researchers. Constable[8] gives four ways to deal with characterizing the campaigns: pluralist, conventionalist, generalist, and popularist. Pluralists consider ecclesiastical to be as the key standard for a campaign, independent of the nature or area of the conflict,[9] which in this manner incorporates such clashes as the Alexandrian Crusade„, Mahdian Crusade„, Battle of Nicopolis„, Crusade of Varna, and the Hussite Wars. In a comparable vein, generalists see all wars with ecclesiastical associations battled with regards to Christianity as crusades.[10] Traditionalists, then again, see campaigns as undertakings from 1095 to 1291 that meant to protect or recuperate the Holy Land, subsequently excusing all later activity[11] with some contending this would likewise have been the view held by contemporaries.[12] Similarly, the First Crusade alone is viewed as a campaign by popularists, who limit this mark to clashes portrayed by well known strict upsurges.[13] It is justifiable, consequently, that researchers from these various ways of thinking will have various understandings of the degree to which crusading stayed necessary to the chivalric culture of the fourteenth and fifteenth hundreds of years. A brilliant time of crusading,[14] an age of emergencies and disarrays, confused and diffuse[15] and an Indian summer of crusading[16] have all been utilized to portray fourteenth century crusading and, to be sure, there is a lot of discussion encompassing the idea of crusading in this period. The overwhelming loss of Jerusalem and Acre in the twelfth and thirteenth hundreds of years may have spurred Christians to act and energized them to the truth of Christianitys dubious situation in the Levant, and meandering rulers, for example, Peter I de Lusignan and King Leon VI of Cicilian Armenia may have helped them to remember the fortune of individual Christians in remote lands.[17] Indeed, even with rehashed and costly endeavors, the mid fourteenth century saw no fruitful campaigns to recuperate the Holy Land.[18] Despite ecclesiastical tax collection, proposed constantly Lyons Council, household needs of rulers, who acknowledged tax assessment to the extent that they could profit by it, implied that they couldn't bolster reserves being utilized by another ruler in the association of a recuperation crusade.[19] Traditionally, this inability to dispatch an undertaking to the blessed land is comprehended to show the finish of the period of crusading and an expansion in struggle which made troublesome the universal participation expected to dispatch such an endeavor. The ahead of schedule to center of the fourteenth century was unquestionably a troublesome atmosphere for crusading: the concealment of the Knights Templar had made a feeling of disarray and tension, got together with a sentiment of disillusionment because of the deserting of endeavors to recover the Holy Land.[20] Understandably, numerous nobles as of now respected crusading with a feeling of doubt and alert, regardless of family tradition,[21] and money related and political elements whereupon crusading depended were influenced by plague, the Anglo-French war, and the breakdown of the Italian financial houses (whereupon ecclesiastical tax collection from the Church depended).[22] These elements make it simple to grasp why many may have concurred with writer Salimbene of Adam that it isn't the perfect will that the Holy Sepulcher ought to be recovered.[23] Conventionalists are slanted to name crusading action in this period as a superfluous side interest limited to devotees, unremarkable contrasted with previous accomplishments, far expelled from the cruel real factors of the age,[24] and minimal in excess of a result in campaign history.[25] Indeed, crusading movement in this period was distinctively unique from the general passagia before it; the Holy Land stayed out of Christian control, with center turning less towards apparently out of reach heavenly places and more towards the hethenesse (that is, the place that is known for heathens).[26] In spite of this moving center, religion was, obviously, still a main consideration in the continuation of crusading movement. As per Huizinga, medieval idea was soaked in each part with originations of the Christian faith,[27] and of the ten chivalric decrees doled out by Gaultier in 1883, three are worried about the congregation and barrier of Christian religion.[28] There was no uncertainty a solid strict factor in setting out upon campaigns in the late Middle Ages. The first and rule brilliance of the respect of genuine valor is to battle for the confidence as per Philippe de Mezieres;[29] Duke of Bourbon, Louis IIs, inspiration for ordering the Al-Mahdiya campaign in 1390 was his comparative want to serve God;[30] needing to extend Christianity by committing himself to Gods administration is clearly John of Neverss explanation behind his energy for the Nicopolis campaign; [31] and references to the respect of God and the Virgin were made at the Feast of the Pheasant in the mid-f ifteenth century. In spite of the fact that it is hard, if certainly feasible, to realize a people genuine emotions with respect to confidence, chivalric culture kept on underscoring strict devotion and the grandiose beliefs of crusading, and there is no reason to speculate deviousness in such commitment: the knight John de la Ryvere, for instance, as far as anyone knows swore off all contention that he regarded ethically out of line while on battle and Robert, Lord Fitzpayn, portrayed a status to annihilate bodies, companions and riches for the crusade.[32] Presumably a picture of the penance of Christ was not neglected in these apparently martyrlike wants to serve God,[33] and the incredible enduring included implied crusading was frequently viewed as better than different types of journey. twelfth century French Dominican minister, Humbert of Romans, for instance, accepted that crusading spoke to the most noteworthy type of journey, as crusaders open themselves to death repeatedly.[34] Furthermore, Mamluks, Turks, and different adversaries of Christianity more likely than not appeared to be commendable focuses of reprisal for the enduring of Christ.[35] Furthermore, crusading was likewise a methods for reclaiming the spirit: in the fourteenth century, making amends for the wrongdoings of others, both living and dead, was empowered of crusaders; worry for salvation of the dead was reflected in 1365 campaigning of the pope for extravagances for the individuals who gave masses in memory of predecessors, and church rituals and ceremonies for the campaigns are very much verified, for example, an exceptionally adjusted gathering of songs and petitions embedded between the breaking of the Host and the Pax Domini before fellowship to conjure divine guide for the Holy Land.[36] Chivalrys strict goals were not the solitary reasons for the proceeded with importance of crusading; notoriety and respect were central point, nearby companionships and loyalties, energized by social contact between European courts[37] and the way that crusading permitted an opportunity for knights to separate themselves from rivals. Social and material progression was a pined for remuneration for the military distinction related with crusading; for instance, upon his arrival from Constantinople in 1368, hireling of Sir John Mowbray, John Dodenill, was elevated to post of warrener.[38] These variables are explanations behind why crusading stayed applicable to chivalric culture in the fourteenth century, and for why the devil

Case Analysis Saku Essay - 779 Words

Case Write-Up: Saku Brewery Statement of the problem The case describes the situation of Saku Olletehase AS on the moment that the management team is discussing their product portfolio plan. Lately the sales of their flagship brand, Saku, fell from 48 per cent to 42.5 per cent of market share. During this decline of beer consumption, they have made gains with other alcoholic and none alcoholic beverages. At this point the management team has to decide upon how to proceed with their product portfolio. * Start exporting Saku to Finland * Shift focus to other alcoholic products with growing market demand, cider and long drinks * Shift focus more to bottled water or divest this product line (disappointing results) *†¦show more content†¦Applied on Saku the BCG matrix would be as following: The cash cow of Saku is clearly Saku beer since they are generating almost 80% of the sales. The stars or the beverages that are in the growth stage are the imported beers, the long drinks and the ciders. These are not yet creating a lot of cash flow but there is certainly an opportunity here to generate big cash flows from these product lines in the future. Mineral water is seen as the question mark, since this product line is expected to saturate and has been giving disappointing results. The soft drinks can be seen as the â€Å"dog† because for this product line there is already a mature player in the industry. Saku doesn’t have the means to compete with Coca-Cola and will probably not be able to increase its market share significantly.Show MoreRelatedPorters Five Forces in Beer Market75399 Words   |  302 PagesGOVERNANCE SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION Financial statements 68 169 70 140 CARLSBERG GROUP PARENT COMPANY CARLSBERG A/S 170 171 172 MANAGEMENT STATEMENT AUDITORS’ REPORT BOARD OF DIRECTORS This report is provided in Danish and in English. In case of any discrepancy between the two versions, the Danish wording shall apply. 4 Management review: CEO statement A new Carlsberg 2008 was a truly special year and marked a milestone in Carlsberg’s history. The acquisition of Scottish Newcastle

12 Quotations on Learning to Write by Reading

Read! Read! Read! And then read some more. When you find something that thrills you, take it apart paragraph by paragraph, line by line, word by word, to see what made it so wonderful. Then use those tricks the next time you write. That charge to young writers happens to come from novelist W.P. Kinsella, but in fact hes echoing centuries of good advice. Heres how 12 other authors, past and present, have stressed the importance of reading to a writers development. Read, Observe, and PracticeFor a man to write well, there are required three necessaries: to read the best authors, observe the best speakers, and much exercise of his own style.(Ben Jonson, Timber, or Discoveries, 1640)Exercise the MindReading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.(Richard Steele, The Tatler, 1710)Read the BestRead the best books first, or you may not have a chance to read them at all.(Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, 1849)Imitate, Then DestroyWriting is a difficult trade which must be learned slowly by reading great authors; by trying at the outset to imitate them; by daring then to be original and by destroying ones first productions.(Attributed to Andrà © Maurois, 1885-1967)Read CriticallyWhen I was teaching writing —  and I still say it —  I taught that the best way to learn to write is by reading. Reading critically, noticing paragraphs that get the job done, how your favorite writers use verbs, all the u seful techniques. A scene catches you? Go back and study it. Find out how it works.(Tony Hillerman, quoted by G. Miki Hayden in Writing the Mystery: A Start-to-Finish Guide for Both Novice and Professional, 2nd ed. Intrigue Press, 2004)Read EverythingRead everything —  trash, classics, good and bad, and see how they do it. Just like a carpenter who works as an apprentice and studies the master. Read! Youll absorb it. Then write. If it is good, youll find out.(William Faulkner, interviewed by Lavon Rascoe for The Western Review, Summer 1951)Read Bad Stuff, TooIf you are going to learn from other writers dont only read the great ones, because if you do that youll get so filled with despair and the fear that youll never be able to do anywhere near as well as they did that youll stop writing. I recommend that you read a lot of bad stuff, too. Its very encouraging. Hey, I can do so much better than this. Read the greatest stuff but read the stuff that isnt so great, too. Great s tuff is very discouraging.(Edward Albee, quoted by Jon Winokur in Advice to Writers, 1999)Be a Voracious, Loving ReaderWhen you start reading in a certain way, thats already the beginning of your writing. Youre learning what you admire and youre learning to love other writers. The love of other writers is an important first step. To be a voracious, loving reader.(Tess Gallagher, quoted by Nicholas OConnell in At the Fields End: Interviews With 22 Pacific Northwest Writers, rev. ed., 1998)Tap Into the World ConsciousnessToo many writers are trying to write with too shallow an education. Whether they go to college or not is immaterial. Ive met many self-educated people who are much better read than I am. The point is that a writer needs a sense of the history of literature to be successful as a writer, and you need to read some Dickens, some Dostoyevsky, some Melville, and other great classics —  because they are part of our world consciousness, and the good writers tap into the world consciousness when they write.(James Kisner, quoted by William Safire and Leonard Safir in Good Advice on Writing, 1992)Listen, Read, and WriteIf you read good books, when you write, good books will come out of you. Maybe its not quite that easy, but if you want to learn something, go to the source. ... Dogen, a great Zen master, said, If you walk in the mist, you get wet. So just listen, read, and write. Little by little, you will come closer to what you need to say and express it through your voice.(Natalie Goldberg, Writing Down the Bones: Freeing the Writer Within, rev ed., 2005)Read a Lot, Write a LotThe real importance of reading is that it creates an ease and intimacy with the process of writing; one comes to the country of the writer with ones papers and identification pretty much in order. Constant reading will pull you into a place (a mind-set, if you like the phrase) where you can write eagerly and without self-consciousness. It also offers you a constantly grow ing knowledge of what has been done and what hasnt, what is trite and what is fresh, what works and what just lies there dying (or dead) on the page. The more you read, the less apt you are to make a fool of yourself with your pen or word processor.  ...[R]ead a lot, write a lot is the great commandment.(Stephen King, On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft, 2000)And Have FunRead a lot. Write a lot. Have fun.(Daniel Pinkwater) For more specific suggestions on what to read, visit our reading list: 100 Major Works of Modern Creative Nonfiction.

The Treatment Of Women Has Changed Dramatically - 1194 Words

The treatment of women has changed dramatically. In the field of theology and biblical interpretation the treatment of women has done almost a 180. In the past years women were treated much differently within theology. In the 2000 Madeleva Lecture Sandra Schneiders said: Prior to 1943†¦Catholic women were not allowed to study theology. Today, not sixty years later, women are still excluded from ordained ministry in the Catholic Church but have equaled or outnumbered men students in graduate programs in theology. (Schneiders 34) This presence of women in theology is a dramatic change since women were not even allowed to study and now the women enrolled exceeds men. Furthermore: The recently established Distinguished Catholic Women Theologians Lectureship at Boston College is further recognition that women are no longer an exception or a curiosity but an important and distinctive voice in the professional theological conversation. (35) This lectureship at a well-known Jesuit institution recognizes the value of women in theology. Many women have also entered the field of feminism scholarship. To name a few, Elisabeth Schà ¼ssler Fiorenza, Catherine LaCugna, Elizabeth A. Johnson, and Rosemary Radford Ruether. These women have made major contributions to theology (35). In The Gospel of John we find the story of Jesus meeting a Samaritan woman at a well. Jesus asks for a drink of water and this begins a discussion between the two about the difference of the water in theShow MoreRelated Cultural and gender comparison of Russia and the US Essay777 Words   |  4 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Gender roles in Russia have dramatically changed since the fall of the former Soviet Union and the fall of communism. It is hard to look directly at the constitution of Russia seeing as though the drafting and redrafting of their constitution is still underway. 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There is no dignity and respect for women universally. Gender equality is still out of reach for many women worldwide. Presently, women have gained legal rights throughout the world. The women’s rights movement changed society into what

Describe theories relating to personality and how they affect sports performance. Evaluate critically, personality profiling in sport free essay sample

There are varying theories relating to personality, with each theory giving a different viewpoint on how personality affects sporting performance. One of these theories is the Trait Theory (Eysenck) which originally stated that there were only two personality types (introvert and extrovert) but over time realised that this limited the theory and introduced two more personality traits (stable and neurotic). Each one of these personality types has its own unique affect on a sports performance. An introvert for example is seen to be shy and tends to choose a solo sport, and this sport is likely to be one that contains small muscle movements such as darts. This personality trait would affect sporting performance if the performer was performing in a team game, the lack of confidence may put them off their game or they may not even get involved. Extroverts on the other hand tend to be confident and are most often found within team games, this trait can also lead to hot headedness and therefore deteriorate their performance in sport as they are no longer concentrated on the task at hand. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe theories relating to personality and how they affect sports performance. Evaluate critically, personality profiling in sport or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This can also be said when they have to partake in a sport that involves small muscle movements (as extroverts tend to sway towards the use of large muscle movements) if they’re unable to perform the task at hand they may become aggressive and thus their performance will decrease. One further trait Eysenck indentified was a stable performer; a stable performer tends to be more laid back and has an even temper. In a performance situation this could lead to either laziness or complacency, with their mind wandering off task. The final personality trait Eysenck identified is a neurotic performer; a neurotic performer tends to get anxious more easily then the other personality traits and is highly aroused during sport. This trait in a sporting performance can lead to aggression (due to the high level of arousal) and even poor performance if the anxiousness overwhelms the performer. An opposing theory is the Social learning theory (Bandura). The social learning theory states that all behavior is learned by way of environmental experiences and through the influence of other people (role models). This theory can lead to both positive and negative affects on a sports performance. For example a sports performer who watches a more experienced player may copy the approach taken by the more experienced player possibly leading to an eventual improvement in his or her own level of skill. This can also be spun on its head though, if a performer is watching (football for example) and witnesses a player successfully dive this might cause the performer to try and replicate this negative action leading to a decline in performance. One final theory relating to personality is the interactionist theory; this theory states that personality has three levels that interact to form an individual’s personality and is based on the work of Hollander (1967). This theory describes how a person’s typical responses change according to varying environmental situations, therefore meaning behaviour becomes unpredictable. This theory also explains why a performers personality can change depending on the situation they’re placed in. When combined with Eysenck’s trait theory this becomes easier to explain how personality affects sports performance. An example of this would be that a person in day to day life could be seen as introverted, but when they partake in sport their traits can change and they can become and extrovert based on the situation they are place in e. g. a football match. This personality change can also have a negative affect upon a sporting performance; if the personality change is the ‘wrong’ type of change (say the performer becomes very aggressive very quickly) then their performance can vary wildly leading to inconsistency. Personality profiling in sport can have benefits in finding the correct sportsman/woman to fit a sport leading to them possibly excelling in said sport. For example if (after taking Eysenck’s Personality Questionnaire-EPQ) it gave you a specific sport that you would excel in due to you having the correct personality traits it could lead to you having both a passion for the sport and then in tern performing very well in the sport possibly leading you to the elite standard. On the other hand though, the EPQ may lead to a performer not trying other sports as they have been told their personality doesn’t match the sport. As the EPQ doesn’t take into account Hollander’s interactionist approach it can be flawed. Without taking into account a personalities ability to change it becomes impossible to categorise a person’s personality.

Street Gangs Essay Example

Street Gangs Essay A street gang is a group of young people, with a common identity, and mainly engages in criminal activities.   Most members in a street gang are between the ages of 11 and 21.   These cohesive groups have a recognizable geographical territory, a leadership, levels of organized continuous criminal activities and a purpose.   The street gangs have a common identifying symbol and a known leadership who associate themselves with criminal activities. These groups have a very close relationship and they support one another in their delinquent behaviours. Street gangs may have the commission of one or more criminal acts including murder, firearms or explosives violations, obstruction of justice, narcotics distribution and other violent offenses such as carjacking, assault, burglary and threats. (Manwaring, M. G. (2005). For a gang to be identified as a street gang it must have engaged in a collective of criminal activities.   Street gangs may be traditional, national, ethnic or geographical affiliated. These young adults use group intimidation and violence to perform criminal activities in order to earn power and control over certain activities.   These groups are usually unpredictable and unstructured.   Their activities sometimes have no financial gain or a hidden motive. In America, gang activity started in New York during the 19th century.   These gangs erupted form poor sections of the city and they were formed on strong ethnic identities, usually Irish.   Five paints is an example of a gang that was formed during this period.   They robbed, mugged and fought with others gangs.   During the 20th century, street gang activity became rampant although they were making composed of black or Hispanic origin.   During the 1950s and 1960s, those street gangs were found in major cities with European gangs vanishing. We will write a custom essay sample on Street Gangs specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Street Gangs specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Street Gangs specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Narcotics and firearms became very prevalent in the 1970s and 1980’s.   Those two items attracted more teenagers to join the street gangs.   Firearms made street gangs more violent and increased criminal activities during that period. (Thornberry, T. P., Krohn, M. D., Lizotte, A. J., Smith, C. A., Tobin, K. (2003). Street gangs were formed initially for self –protection of family and friends within the same neighbourhood but later progressed to criminal acts that provided a source of income.   Street gangs from different neighbourhool or ethnic groups have been involved in several violence acts against each other to gain power or control over a certain activity. Gangs form the same neighbourhoods have also been involved in vivacity and violence. The first original street gang was formed by a group of students as an informal sports organization in 1970.   The groups name as founded on the address where they lived.   In Chicago the first gangs were formed on ethnic lives by the volunteers of five departments.   The different department of five fighters competed against each other and formed gangs that were later taken to the street.   During the early 20th century, polish and Italian gangs became the most common in Chicago. European – American street gangs were formed in 1780s by young people who were sported hanging out on street corners.   These gangs were formed to protect their neighbor hoods from their rivals.   These groups basically fought for control over street corners and other open lots.   This is where they held their meetings.   The gangs, however, were not based on ethnicity because the same neighbourhood could have a host of nationalities.   These gangs emerged in cities where poor communities lives together. Young adults joined a street gang in order to feel a sense of belonging.   A gong promised to give its members identity. Belonging, wealth, discipline and drugs.   Other young people join the gangs out of fear and intimidations from their peers. (Duffy, M. P. Gillig, S. E. (Eds.). (2004). Street gangs are divided in three major groups based on location, activities and entry requirements.   Ethnic gangs are based on nationality or race of the members. Most ethnic gangs unite on the basis of the ethnicities they hate.   The skinhead gangs and Neo-Nazi gangs both have hatred for Jews, blacks and non-protestant Christians.   Turf gangs are defined by the territories depending on the location of the neighbourhood.   The gangs name themselves by the areas they control and punish gangs that wander into their territory.   These territory barriers have been the cause of many rivalry and violence between street gangs. Prison gangs are formed when members of a street gang are arrested and taken to prison. Members from the same street gang may form a common gang or join other larger street gangs in the prison. Gang members attract children and young teenagers by showing off their lucrative lifestyles and amounts of money. These street gangs recruit young children who are unsuspecting to use them for trafficking drugs and carrying weapons, because they do not attract much attention form the police.   Street gangs recruit their members by performing an initiation; new members have to endure some rites which include â€Å"Jumping in†.   This is when a new member is beaten up by all old gang members.   The new members can also be told to participate in a mission such as steering or killing someone.   Some street gangs have a tattoo gang symbols which new members are required to get. The lifestyle of street gang members involve drinking and doing drugs, hanging around the neighbourhood and sleeping late at night.   During their meetings street gangs sell drugs and commit crimes like breaking stores and theft.   Street gangs believe that to gain power and respect they must commit violent crimes.   Street gangs have signs and ways of identifying themselves and these include similar modes of dressing or having a particular gang colour.   For example the vice Lord’s wear black as their symbol. Street gangs have their own graffiti which symbolize them.   They make these graffiti all around their neighbourhoods to mark heir territories. Street gang believes that invading another gang’s territory and marking it with their symbol or oven destroying their symbol is unforgivable and it calls for war.   Gangs that want to street gangs have hand signals which signify gang membership and loyalty. Graffiti is the commonest way of gang members to communicate.   Graffiti provides adequate information about a gang’s membership and the gang’s growth.   Many street gangs refer to graffiti as their newspaper for communicating messages, warnings or announcements.   Some gangs use secret codes and alphabets as their symbols which can only be interpreted by gang members. (Tovares, R. D. (2002). Tattoos are a common practice used among street gangs to show their membership.   These tattoos are adopted as a way of expressing loyalty to the gang.   All street gangs today are involved in drug trafficking.   Gang members sell drugs and alcohol to earn income.   They are also involved in acts of violence such as robbery and theft.   Members of street gangs are involved in drug abuse activities apart form seeking them   in fact the commonest practice among street gangs is trafficking and use of drugs, street gangs have started recruiting young children to traffic drugs and carry firearms and weapons because, the police do not suspect children much. Street gangs have initiations which are used to recruit new members into the gang.   These initiation ceremonies involve violent acts, where new members are beaten up by all old gang members.   These initiations are very brutal and may result to death or permanent injury.   Some street gangs do not accept a new member, unless he has killed someone or stolen a car.   For women and young girls to be accepted in a street gang, they are forced to have sex with the men in the gangs and other times they are raped.   Just like getting into a gang is difficult, getting out is more difficult and a gang member may be killed on deciding to leave the gang. Some street gang practices are very brutal and heartless. Gang members aim at leaving permanent scares on their victims.   One merciless practice performed by street gangs is the ‘Buck 50’, in this practice a member will slash another person’s face deeply, usually requiring around 50 stitches to repair. (Manwaring, M. G. (2005). Street gangs are highly concentrated in large urban areas. Those urban areas provide a conducive environment for gang activity.   The activity includes drug trafficking, selling firearms, stealing cars and robberies.   In the urban areas different street gangs will fight for control of a particular street corners which is well hidden form the activities.   Street gangs are righting populated in areas overwhelmed by poverty in the urban areas.   Street gangs usually originated from slum areas or less developed areas.   The youth in a certain neighbourhood may decide to form a gang with the innocent intention that they gang will be used to protect its members and also be a source of income. Street gangs can also be formed by teenagers in schools.   Schools that are found in highly populated cities stricken with poverty have a high tendency of forming street gangs.   Schools in urban areas form.   Street gangs move often than schools in urban areas form.   Street gangs move often than schools in rural areas.   School children in urban areas are used to traffic drugs by drug peddlers in the cities and as a result they accumulate the children in the street gangs.   Belonging to street gang is a major achievement for school going children.   They feel they have power and control by assessing drugs in schools.   Being in contact with the known drug peddlers also makes them respect among their colleagues. The MS-B street gang is the most violent street gang in the United States today.   It is mainly composed of Mexican nationals.   It is also the most largest street gang in the united state.   The 18th street gang is also a well known street gang in the United States which used violence and intimidation to spread narcotics its territory. Mara Salvatrucha is a street gang which is not afraid or intimidated easily by the authority.   This gang has been responsible for shooting several law enforcement offices and executing federal agents who interfere with its activities. Black gangster disciples, vice lords and Almighty Latin kings all based in Chicago are very notorious in drug trafficking.   They are known to use violence to control their territories and spread drugs and firearms.   Other notorious gangs in the united state include Hoover crisp, bounty Hunter Bloods and Rolling 60s crisp.   Those street gangs have very well structured organizations in their drug operation. (Wiener, V. (1999).   These organizations involve the authority and become very difficult to penetrate and break.   The organization mainly involves young adults who are used to channel profits to the top of the organization.   What makes the street gangs lucrative is the thousand of outlet in major neighbourhoods, millions of potential new customers and the always readily available jobs. Street gangs have caused a lot of violence among the public and disrupted so man lives. Robbery, carjacking, mobbing, vandalizing are some of the activities performed by these gangs.   Ã‚   Street gangs have rules among them that warn against trusting the future. Their unconcern for personal safety and other delinquent behaviors are weak concepts of future stability. Street gang members are ware that any thing can erupt without warning but still they lack any future expectations. Control or be controlled is another rule used by street gang members. They believe in respect and that one has to control another person and gain respect or be controlled by the other person and respect them. Gang members will use money, violence and disrespect the authority to gain control over a territory. This rule implies people outside the gang to mimic the lifestyle of gang members. It also inspires gang members to use abuse and violence and protect their geographical territory. This rule of control or be controlled has also created very stable relationships in a gang. Street gangs have a rule that enable them to treat insiders and outsiders differently. Members of the same gang use symbols like graffiti, similar ways of dressing, hand signals and a common language for identity. This enables them to distinguish the insider from the outsider. Street gangs use this rule to create identity, belonging, security and acceptance. It also brings unity and loyalty in the gang because they express their frustration and anger on the outsiders. Most street gangs are unsophisticated with a structure that is more horizontal than vertical. The characteristics of street gangs are very exposing. Their leadership is more expected and their ways to resolve conflicts is based on power and revenge. Street gangs have been categorized in three major groups. These include first generation gangs, second generation gangs and third generation gangs. The first generation gangs are based on territories and turfs. Their main concern is to protect their neighborhoods and gain small petty cash.   This category of street gangs rarely engages in criminal acts but when they do, they base it on locality and societal violence. The second generation of street gangs is usually business oriented. Their main aim is business and commercial gain. Unlike the first generations that has a loose leadership; the leadership in second generation is more sophisticated and centralized. Members target more on drug trafficking. These gangs extend their operations beyond their neighborhoods and cities and use high violence to control and protect their markets. Second Generation Street gangs use violence to incapacitate law enforcement efforts that are directed against them and as a result they have brought in security in communities. They are also known to be involved with larger transnational criminal organizations. Third Generation Street gangs are larger with broader drug markets and more sophisticated criminal organizations. These gangs have broader political objectives and acquire political control over areas of their interest that the poorly governed. Control of political powers provides security and freedom of the gang activities. The gang leaders in these gangs act more like warlords or drug barons because they gain control of a specific political region and as a result take treasures to protect the gang’s movement’s and activities. The third generation street gangs have succeeded in reconstructing a nation’s government politically, socially and economically. (Manwaring, M. G. (2005). Street gangs have caused a lot of havoc in the society by bringing violence, drug trafficking, recruitment of young children and political assassinations.

Definition and Examples of Aspect in English Grammar

Definition and Examples of Aspect in English Grammar In English grammar, aspect is a verb form (or category) that indicates time-related characteristics, such as the completion, duration, or repetition of an action. (Compare and contrast with tense.) When used as an adjective, its  aspectual. The word comes from Latin, meaning how [something] looks The two primary aspects in English are the perfect (sometimes called perfective) and the progressive (also known as the continuous form). As illustrated below, these two aspects may be combined to form the perfect progressive. In English, aspect is expressed by means of particles, separate verbs, and verb phrases. Examples and Observations Perfect AspectThe perfect aspect describes events occurring in the past but linked to a later time, usually the present. The perfect aspect is formed with has, have, or had the past participle. It occurs in two forms:​ Perfect Aspect, Present Tense:History has remembered the kings and warriors, because they destroyed; art has remembered the people, because they created.(William Morris, The Water of the Wondrous Isles, 1897)​ Perfect Aspect, Past Tense:At fifteen life had taught me undeniably that surrender, in its place, was as honorable as resistance, especially if one had no choice. (Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, 1969) Progressive AspectThe progressive aspect usually describes an event that takes place during a limited time period. The progressive aspect is made up of a form of be the -ing form of the main verb.​ Progressive Aspect, Present Tense:Shes loyal and is trying to wear her thin flippy hair in cornrows.(Carolyn Ferrell, Proper Library, 1994) Progressive Aspect, Past Tense:I was reading the dictionary. I thought it was a poem about everything. (Steven Wright) The Difference Between Tense and AspectTraditionally . . . both aspects [perfect and progressive] are treated as part of the tense system in English, and mention is made of tenses such as the present progressive (e.g. We are waiting), the present perfect progressive (e.g. We have been waiting), and the past perfect progressive (e.g. We had been waiting), with the latter two combining two aspects. There is a distinction to be made, however, between tense and aspect. Tense is concerned with how time is encoded in the grammar of English, and is often based on morphological form (e.g. write, writes, wrote); aspect is concerned with the unfolding of a situation, and in English is a matter of syntax, using the verb be to form the progressive, and the verb have to form the perfect. For this reason combinations like those above are nowadays referred to as constructions (e.g. the progressive construction, the present perfect progressive construction). (Bas Aarts, Sylvia Chalker, and Edmund Weiner, Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2014) present perfect progressive: God knows how long Ive been doing it. Have I been talking out loud? past perfect progressive: He had been keeping it in a safety deposit box at the Bank of America. For months she had been waiting for that particular corner location. Present Perfect Progressive and Past Perfect ProgressiveThe perfect aspect most often describes events or states taking place during a preceding time. The progressive aspect describes an event or state of affairs in progress or continuing. Perfect and progressive aspect can be combined with either present or past tense...Verb phrases can be marked for both aspects (perfect and progressive) at the same time: The perfect progressive aspect is rare, occurring usually in the past tense in fiction. It combines the meaning of the perfect and the progressive, referring to a past situation or activity that was in progress for a period of time. (Douglas Biber, Susan Conrad, and Geoffrey Leech, Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Longman, 2002)

Financial crises between 2007 2010 (about Dubai) Essay

Financial crises between 2007 2010 (about Dubai) - Essay Example Buildings like the Burj Khalifa remained largely unoccupied. In 2009, Dubai suggested that it may not be able to pay the impending six month interest payments on its loans. Abu Dhabi then came to its rescue with a $ 10 billion bailout. In the year 2009, Dubai stumbled into a debt crisis. During the years of economic boom before 2008, the investment arm of Dubai, Dubai World had borrowed heavily. It had racked up more than $ 59 billion in debt. Dubai World had borrowed hugely to invest in lavish projects in Dubai. These included Las Vegas casino style glittering properties and a giant island that was shaped like a palm tree; besides the tallest building in the world: the Burj Khalifa. Nakheel is the real estate developer owned by Dubai World, the investment arm of the state of Dubai. Prominent among the constructions of Nakheel are palm-shaped islands and the Atlantis Hotel. $ 3.52 billion of the Islamic bonds of Nakheel also became due and Nakheel had no liquidity to pay them off. It was part of one of the largest tranches of Islamic bonds that Nakheel had sold to Western investors (Landon Thomas Junior, 2009). The investors had no idea that Dubai was facing a risk of default. A week before Dubai announced its possible incapacity to pay the interests on bonds, the bonds were trading at a 10% premium on their face value. After the announcement they were trading at a discount of 50% on their face value. The total debt of Dubai is distributed among a number of different state owned companies. Majority of these companies are owned by the three main investment arms of the state of Dubai. These three investment arms are: When the global financial crisis started and the property market in United States and around the world crashed, Dubai found itself left with an abundance of costly real estate that no one wanted to buy or rent. Dubai had to request that the impending six

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Personal Statement Example My relatives were involved in animal farming and that inspired me more to learn towards their welfare care. With age and time, the sense of responsibility to take care of these vulnerable creatures grew. So in accord with my parents, I brought sick stray animals home to nurse and after healing, I would make sure to find suitable homes for them. At a young age of eight, I decided to be a vegetarian and went against the grain to protect animals. My desire spawned to become a veterinarian when I witnessed an animal violence incident on a family trip abroad. My family and I were on a horse carriage admiring the ancient Egyptian monuments. Suddenly the horseman whipped the poor creature so brutally that I started weeping and demanded him to hand his whip to me to prevent further cruelty. This particular incident made the yearning to be a veterinarian more apparent. My compassion for animals and enthusiasm to learn veterinary medicine increased over time as I witnessed more examples of ins ensitivity and cruelty in South America, East Asia, and the Middle East. My family background as healthcare professionals aspired me persistently to peruse my ambition in veterinary medicine. My father, as a role model, set his priority to see the unprivileged patients at a free clinic before going to his own clinic for earning purpose. My mother, as a pharmacist, perused her doctorate diligently to begin a career in pharmacy. Living with such dedicated health care professionals, I was able to determine my aim and would opt to learn more to it through higher education. My eagerness to explore the veterinary field further flourished when I began volunteering at animal hospitals to have a closer look at the challenges involved, which intrigued me more. The whole experience of working towards the betterment of animals made me learn the importance of responsibility of handling life threatening problems. Initially I learned how to restrain them during normal procedures, stitching of cuts , simple check-ups and monitoring an animal under anaesthesia. However, one of my memorable experiences was counting the babies of a pregnant dog in an X-ray sheet. This image represented the miracle of life that strengthened my aim in supporting it. Volunteer work enabled me to monitor and learn a variety of veterinary care that improved animal health and quality of life. I observed peculiarly while veterinarians briefed the animal owner on preventive care, performed various surgical procedures such as spays and neuters, placed catheters, and administered vaccinations. I observed with wonder as life was sustained against the odds, and also as it was tragically ended out of necessity. My rewarding experiences convinced me that veterinary medicine was the ideal field for me. I am confident that I have the intellectual aptitude, awareness of work ethic, physical capability, personal strength in pressurizing moments and motivating intentions to excel in veterinary medicine. As a former top-performing competitive gymnast, I am a disciplined, strong-willed individual, who can face the hurdles and bottlenecks of education and career. Due to my passion for veterinary medicine, I have been steadfast in my career choice despite years of family pressure to become a physician. Furthermore, extensive experience in medical settings, including six years at a cosmetic surgery office, has developed my interpersonal and communication skills. I have also demonstrated strong organizational and leadership skills through my efforts for the

Comparing four or more poems Essay Example for Free

Comparing four or more poems Essay The world around you is full of relationships. Some good, some bad. A relationship can bring happiness and love whilst also bringing sadness and unpleasantness. Two people having emotional feeling for each other, sharing those feelings with comfort and pleasure, form a relationship. Many will say that a relationship is the best thing ever, whilst others may say its also the worst. When a relationship forms why does there always have to be a good and a bad part? One of the poems I have studied is this be the verse by Philip Larkin. It is about a child blaming everything that has happened to him on his parents. Larkin has expressed his feelings for a relationship by using the bitter and brutal word fuck. He chooses these choices of words to shock the readers and members of his family. When the poem was write in 1960 the word fuck would have been even more offensive than it is now. Ask yourself why call the poem this be the verse? Larkin uses the word be to get his point across on relationships. Using the word be makes his opinion a fixed thing. Larkins uses of language in this poem sets out the pessimistic image that your parents destroy you. You can tell that him and his parents have never really got along by the quote: they fuck you up your mum and dad. Larkin is applying that your parents mess you up when he states they may not mean to but they do. He also sets up the image of hatred by using the rhythm to bang in an effect of anger. The rhythm is bouncy and contracts with the message. Having said that it also depends on your mood when reading the poem. Larkin obviously had a disruptive childhood by the tone and the mood of his poem. Add some extra just for you. Larkin dents the ironic image by implying he is ashamed of his parents and their parents. The second verse sets up the impression that Larkin might have changed his mind about his parents as the first word is but. However I was wrong he carries on throughout the verse slagging off his parents and grandparents by saying by fools in old style hats and coats. On verse three he still hasnt changed his mind about his distraught childhood and his hatred towards his parents. It deepens like a coastal shelf Larkin explains that his hurt and hatred built up and deepens more every time he got hurt. Larkin obviously cannot forget about this childhood and forgive his parents for the way he has turned out. He states get out as early as you can. Larkin gets the impression across the only way to stop you tuning out like you family is to kill yourself. This be the verse is a misanthropic poem. Does this mean that Philip Larkin agrees with Sartre, that hell is other people? My opinion towards this poem is that the poet, Philip Larkin is cruel and bitter towards his parents. He gives off the impression very clearly that he has no respect for his parents and grandparents what so ever. And it is very clear that he is not willing to forgive his parents for the way in which he has turned out. However his opinion is different than mine. I feel that the way you turn out has some effect on your parents. However most of it is up to you, by the way you choose to dot things and the way you choose to learn from your mistakes yourself. Another poem I have chosen to study is called the sick equation written by Brian Patten. What is a healthy equation? One that works, that provides an answer. Patten is implying that the sick equation is one that doesnt work. Signifying that his parents dont work well together. At the beginning of each poem this be the verse and the sick equation they both have a point of comparison. Both poets bring the image across that a relationship is a fixed and bad thing by Patten using absolute and Larkin using be. Are both poets establishing the same message? Pattens poem talks about the difference at home and school. In school I learned that one and one made two and could have been engraved in stone, an absolute I could not question or refute. Patten gives out the impression that at school everything has an answer however at home nothing adds up. He the goes on to use the ironic message but home sweet home he uses irony to get the message across that he doesnt care. I feel using irony has more of an impact that not using it. In the second verse Patten uses the strong word raw. He describes that he is feeling hurt and the hatred towards his parents has grown strongly. In that raw cocoon of parental hate. I came to believe how it was best that one remained one, for two, one at least would suffer so. Here Patten explains that for the best its better to keep yourself to yourself, as if you are to become committed at least one of you would hurt. He objects with his mum and dad being together as one of them is always hurting. In the second verse Patten is applying that he had love but let it go by the comment believing this I threw away so many gifts- I never let love stay enough to take to take root, but by thinking myself of too little worth I crushed all its messengers. His parents have let love go for him, they have spoiled love for him, the way his mum and dad acted towards each other impacted into Patten that love is not a good thing. He goes on to stay I grew-or did not grow-and kept my head down low, and drifted with the crowd. Even though he grew on the outside in height he still remained immature on the inside. I stayed apart, stayed one claiming separateness was out of choice, and at every wedding ceremony I saw the shadow albatross- divorce- fall over groom and bride. By saying this it implied that for some time that Patten never had the courage to have a full time relationship, as he was scared that the same might happen to him that happened to his parents. It feels that Patten sees a divorce at the beginning of a wedding. In the final verse Patten states that he cant blame his parents for the way he turned out. (Unlike Larkin) he explains to the reader that he cant judge everyone for the way they are or that way they have been brought up. He changes his opinion on his parents towards the end of the poem. Its absurd to believe all others are as damaged as we, the lesson that our parents taught he clearly feels he cannot blame his family for what had happened to him now and in the past. He can forgive and forget, unlike Larkin. Unlike Larkin, Patten chooses to only highlight the positive side of a relationship. Pattens choice of words hammer to message into the head that not all relationships are bad, just because he had a bad experience he learnt that you will always be able to love someone. The language he uses relates to his loneliness and hurt in his past. He expresses his hurtful past through his poetry. Another poem I looked at is looking for dad again by Brain Patten. You can guess what Patten is going to talk about before reading it for yourself. His dad. The poem is about a boy who thinks his dad has ran away because he hadnt tided his room, when really it was just another relationship ending disruptly. The poem is set out from the others, when you look at a poem the first thing you will notice is the fact is has verses. Looking for dad is all joint together without any verses.

The Death of Communism Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Death of Communism The United States longest and bloodiest war was the Vietnam War, which was fought from 1959 until 1975.(Communist Manifesto 1) In this war 57,685 Americans were killed, and their were over 2 million Vietnamese deaths.(Communist Manifesto 3) One of the main causes of the war was a commonly held American belief called the Domino Theory. This theory stated that if the U.S. allowed one country to fall to communism, those around it would fall, and then those around it, eventually taking over the whole world. However, the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 allows to approach communism in a new light. The Communist Manifesto has three sections. The first is an outline of the history of the bourgeois and the proletariat, and a explanation on how the bourgeoisà ­ will bring about their defeat. The second section shows the framework of the communist goals, and their long range plan to abolish private property. The last section criticizes other socialist attempts at the time, calling all workers to unite under communism. The bourgeois Marx speaks of in the manifesto is simply the capitalist of the time. The proletariat are the workers of the world, people who, according to Marx, have "[become] an appendage of the machine."(Marx 3) Marx speaks of their horrible fate saying "they are daily and hourly enslaved by the machine, by the overlooker, and, above all, by the individual bourgeois manufacturer himself."(Marx 3) Marx documents the stages of the proletariatà ­s struggle with the bourgeois: "at first the contest is carried on by individual laborers, then by the workpeople of a factory, then the operatives of one trade, in one locality, against the bourgeois that directly exploits them."(Marx 4) Marx tells ho... ...e Vietnam war rages on. Bloodshed and military advances ground to a halt decades ago, but the real battle lies in creating a Vietnam that can lift itself out of poverty. The war succeeded more in pushing the country deeper into communism than pulling it out. But the outcome is a forgone conclusion: an ideology that no longer fits with the times will not stand. Ask Mother Russia. Works Cited "Communist Manifesto," MicrosoftÆ EncartaÆ 96 Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1995 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. (c) Funk & Wagnalls Corporation. All rights reserved. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels. "The Communist Manifesto." http: //leftside.uwc.ac.za/Archives/1848-CM/cm.html (25 June 1997). "Vietnam War," MicrosoftÆ EncartaÆ 96 Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1995 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. (c) Funk & Wagnalls Corporation. All rights reserved.

Anne Frank Reaction paper Essay

Anne Frank is the diary of a little girl following the events surrounding a thirteen year old girl who grows up Jewish and lives in Amsterdam during the Holocaust. As the events of World War II began Anne was a typical girl who attended school and was aware of the war and world around her, but at the time, wasn’t very fearful for her safety. Unfortunately, reality struck Anne as the news of World War II progressed, accompanied by the call for her old sister to be taken away to a concentration camp. Suddenly, the world as Anne perceived it would change dramatically. Soon, they were living in an annex, an addition to a building, hiding from the SS officers of the Nazis. The diary of Anne Frank gives an insight to the Jewish perspective of the Holocaust and the prejudice and discrimination not only that the Jews underwent but of others in the society as well. As I read the diary of Anne Frank I began to learn what so many of the Jewish people had experienced during World War II. Anne started writing in her diary when she first received it for her birthday. Her diary recalls many of the feeling and events that Jews felt during World War II. I learned that Nazi’s discriminated against Jews in a multitude of ways. First, they were forced to wear yellow stars to signify if they were Jewish or not. Also, All Jews were forced to hand over all bikes and were not allowed to ride the streetcars anymore. In addition to those restrictions, Jewish people were only allowed to attend certain schools and restaurants. Like many Jewish people, Anne seemed calm and unafraid of the World and the war. She looked at hiding from the Nazi’s as an adventure. This would be short-lived as she soon realized that being trapped inside a room with other families can be frustrating for a young girl. She envied others outside that still were allowed to pla y freely. She soon realized that her life was at risk every day. While hiding in a secret annex for a little more than two years, Anne wrote a lot about her feelings and events of her time in solitude with her family  and others. Frustrations run high when emotions run high and there is no privacy to escape to. â€Å"I see the eight of us in the Annex as if we were a patch of blue sky surrounded by menacing black clouds. . . . [They loom] before us like an impenetrable wall, trying to crush us, but not yet able to. I can only cry out and implore, ‘Oh ring, ring, open wide and let us out!’† (Frank, 1995, pg. 108). This passage was the most meaningful to me, I learned about the fear that All Jews in hiding must have faced. I learned that every day for two years Anne and her family lived in fear, afraid that they would not be free, afraid that they will not see each other again, and afraid that they will not survive. Every time a bomb raid siren or something as little as a knock on the door went off, complete fear would set in. The longer the war went on the more afraid they became that they would be caught and killed. Having to live life that way for so long must have taken a tremendous toll on a person. The events that Anne frank describes in her diary are very important. The passages in her diary portray discrimination in its purest form. The diary shows the prejudice and discrimination that millions of Jews underwent. It shows to the rest of the world how people can act. It is eye opening to how people treat others in today’s society, but most importantly it gives us insight to ourselves and how we have been treating others. It shows how one person’s beliefs can be passed on to an entire society and can cause so much hate to a particular group. â€Å"I keep trying to find a way to become what I’d like to be and what I could be if . . . if only there were no other people in the world† (Frank, 1995, pg. 247). Anne’s last sentence is very meaningful and moving. It says that there will always be good and bad people in the world, and that the only way that there will be no bad people is if she was the only one left. It also says that no one can really ever be who they want to be because of the unscrupulous people in the world. Until we can rid people of prejudice and discrimination we will never be able to achieve the things we want to.

The Only Real Downside Course On Special Education Essay

The only real downside I’ve experienced in the Community of Teachers (CoT) program here at Indiana University is that I was not required to take a course on special education. Although I could have taken this on my own, I did not have much wiggle room in my schedule due to joining education later in my career. Within some of my methods courses, I covered how to teach reading and writing, how to differentiate instruction, and how to implement different types of instructional strategies, but I never got to learn how to read an IEP or know how they are used. I never got to experience different techniques of teaching that was specifically tailored to students with various types of LDs (learning disabilities). After this late realization, I immediately went to thinking that I was left for dead. As soon as I got my own classroom I wouldn’t know what to do, how to act, or even how to be an effective teacher for a student with a disability. But if not taking a special education course within the CoT program was detrimental to my ability to be an effective teacher for all learners, my interactions with special educators within my CoT seminar, and in the field, has more than made up for it. When I expressed my convictions to my mentor teacher, he just chuckled. He quickly told me how well I differentiate my instruction to students with all different types of learning styles and abilities. He did say that it would be good for me to brush up on some of the information though. HeShow MoreRelatedVideo Games are our Downfall Essay1404 Words   |  6 Pageskid has just been opened a new realm of the worlds injustices and profanities. When a kid learns something they will want to use it and that is what happened to me as a kid this is the reason kids run around doing vulgar things. Family is not the only influence on kids, media also play huge role. 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